ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION AND BELT ROAD INITIATIVE: A CASE STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25247/2447-861X.2022.n255.p218-239Keywords:
China. Ecological Civilization. Belt Road Initiative. International Governance of the Environment.Abstract
This paper relies on the inductive method to unveil the specificities of the concept of ecological civilization. China has made efforts to consolidate the principle in the national legal structures and its implications in the international dimension. It aims to connect and track the concept of ecological civilization to the Belt and Road Initiative, thus showing that the idea is projected to the international dimension as a new model of development. In the context of the BRI, the ecological civilization is associated with sustainable development, greening development, the interaction between natural and social worlds, and the coupling of nature and humankind. The analysis demonstrates the implications of the ecological civilization principle in the international governance of the environment thru the Belt and Road Initiative.
References
BRANDI, Clara; SCHWAB, Jakob; BERGER, Axel; MORIN, Jean-Frédéric Morin. 2020. Do Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements Make Exports from Developing Countries Greener? World Development 129 (May): 104899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104899.
CASTRO, Douglas; Danielle Mendes Thame Denny. 2020. Economic Relationship between Brazil and China: An Empirical Assessment Using Sentiment and Content Analysis. Beijing Law Review 11 (1): 227–43. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2020.111016.
COENEN, Johanna; BAGER, Simon; MEYFROIDT, Patrick; NEWIG, Jens; CHALLIS, Edward. 2021. Environmental Governance of China's Belt and Road Initiative. Environmental Policy and Governance 31 (1): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1901.
DIEHL, Paul F.; KU, Charlotte Ku; ZAMORA, Daniel. The Dynamics of International Law: The Interaction of Normative and Operating Systems. International Organization 57 (1), 2003, 43–75.
DUPUY, Pierre-Marie, VIÑUALES, Jorge E. International Environmental Law. Higher Education from Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press. June 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108399821.
GEHRING, Thomas. Dynamic International Regimes. Institutions for International Environmental Governance. 1994. https://www.ecolex.org/details/literature/dynamic-international-regimes-institutions-for-international-environmental-governance-mon-052846/.
GLASSON, John; THERIVEL,Riki. Introduction To Environmental Impact Assessment. 5th edition, Routledge, 2019.
HANSEN, Mette Halskov; HONGTAO, Li; SVARVERUD, Rune. Ecological Civilization: Interpreting the Chinese Past, Projecting the Global Future. Global Environmental Change 53 November, 2018, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.014.
HOVI, Jon; SPRINZ, Detlef F.; UNDERDAL, Arild. Implementing Long-Term Climate Policy: Time Inconsistency, Domestic Politics, International Anarchy. Global Environmental Politics 9 (3), 2009, 20–39.
JIANG, Lan. The Critics and Development of China's 'One Belt One Road' Initiative for Global Economic Development and Sustainability. In: Governance and Sustainability, edited by David Crowther and Shahla Seifi, 15, 2020,131–44. Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320200000015013.
JINPING, Xi. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China: Beijing, Shanghai Press, 2015.
KHODAY, Kishan; PERCH, Leisa. 2012. China and the World: South -South Cooperation for Inclusive Green Growth. ResearchGate, 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283354948_China_and_the_World_South_-South_Cooperation_for_Inclusive_Green_Growth.
KOSKENNIEMI, Martti; U.N. International Law Commission Study Group on Fragmentation of International Law Chair. Fragmentation of International Law, April, 2006. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/574810.
KOSTKA, Genia; NAHM, Jonas. Central–Local Relations: Recentralization and Environmental Governance in China. The China Quarterly 231 September 2017, 567–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741017001011.
KRASNER, Stephen D. Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. International Organization 36 (2), 1982, 185–205.
KRIEGER, Heike; NOLTE, Georg; ZIMMERMANN, Andreas (eds). The International Rule of Law: Rise or Decline? Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
KROEBER, Arthur R. China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know®. 1st Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016.
LI, Yifei; SHAPIRO. Judith. China Goes Green: Coercive Environmentalism for a Troubled Planet. 1st edition. Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA: Polity, 2020.
LIN, Karen Jingrong; LU, Xiaoyan; ZHANG, Junsheng; ZHENG, Ying. State-Owned Enterprises in China: A Review of 40 years of Research and Practice. China Journal of Accounting Research 13 (1), 2020, 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2019.12.001.
NATARAJAN, Usha. Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) and the Environment. Research Methods in Environmental Law, November, 2017. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781784712563/9781784712563.00016.xml.
ORFORD, Anne; HOFFMANN, Florian. The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law. The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.001.0001.
ORTS, Eric W. A Reflexive Model of Environmental Regulation. Business Ethics Quarterly 5 (4), 1995, 779–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857414.
PAN, Jiahua. China's Environmental Governing and Ecological Civilization. 1st ed. 2016 edition. New York , Beijing: Springer, 2015.
PENZ, Peter. 1996. Environmental Victims and State Sovereignty: A Normative Analysis. Social Justice 23 (4 (66)),1996, 41–61.
PNUMA, U. N. Global Environment Outlook 6. UNEP - U.N. Environment Programme. 2019. http://www.unep.org/resources/global-environment-outlook-6.
RAMO, Joshua Cooper. 2004. The Beijing Consensus. London: Foreign Policy Centre.
TRACHTMAN, Joel P., The Tools of Argument: How the Best Lawyers Think, Argue, and Win (July 29, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2302693
SHAPIRO, Judith. China's Environmental Challenges. 2nd edition. Polity, 2016.
STOLLBERG, Janine; JONAS, Eva. Existential Threat as a Challenge for Individual and Collective Engagement: Climate Change and the Motivation to Act. Current Opinion in Psychology, Psychology of Climate Change (2021), 42 December 2021: 145–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.004.
SUN, Yixian. The Changing Role of China in Global Environmental Governance. Rising Powers Quarterly 1 (1), 2016, 43–53.
TANG, Christoph NEDOPIL WANG and Yingzhi; Yingzhi TANG, Yingzhi. 2021. Analysis and Implications of the Initiative for Belt and Road Partnership on Green Development in Comparison to the Build Back Better World B3W – Green Finance & Development Center. 2021. https://greenfdc.org/initiative-for-belt-and-road-partnership-on-green-development-g7-b3w/.
TZOUVALA, Ntina. Capitalism As Civilisation. 2020. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/capitalism-as-civilisation/F66ABF447B13A75739D4644A8674EAD9.
UNEP. 2017. "Environmental Rule of Law." UNEP - U.N. Environment Programme. 2017. http://www.unep.org/explore-topics/environmental-rights-and-governance/what-we-do/promoting-environmental-rule-law-0.
UNEP, U. N. 2021. Emissions Gap Report 2021. UNEP - U.N. Environment Programme. 2021. http://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2021.
WEI, Fuwen; CUI, Shuhong Cui; LIU, Ning; CHANG, Jiang; PING, Xiaoge; MA, Tianxiao; XU, Jing; SWAISGOOD, Ronald R; LOCKE, Harvey. 2021. Ecological Civilization: China's Effort to Build a Shared Future for All Life on Earth. National Science Review 8 (7): nwaa279. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa279.
XIAOCHUN, Zhao. 2018. In Pursuit of a Community of Shared Future: China's Global Activism in Perspective. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04 (01): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740018500082.
YOUNG, Oran R. 1990. Global Environmental Change and International Governance. Millennium 19 (3), 1990, 337–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190030301.
ZHANG, Hai-Bin; DAI, Han-Cheng, LAI, Hua-Xia; WANG, Wen-Tao. 2017. U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: Reasons, Impacts, and China's Response. Advances in Climate Change Research, Including special topic on U.S. withdraw from the Paris Agreement and its impacts, 8 (4): 220–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2017.09.002.
ZHOU, Xi. 2020. Ecological Civilization in China: Challenges and Strategies. Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol 32, No 3. 2020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10455752.2020.1802497.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à Cadernos do CEAS o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta Revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), desde que reconheça e indique a autoria e a publicação inicial nesta Revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer momento depois da conclusão de todo processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
