The challenges of universalizing rural sanitation: analysis in light of the new regulatory framework in Brazil

Abstract

Access to basic sanitation is fundamental to ensure human quality of life. However, in Brazil, especially in rural areas, a scenario of inequality is observed, resulting in precarious conditions for the population, compromising their well-being and health. In this sense, justified by the need for universalization of services, changes were made to Law No. 11,445/2007, in addition to the implementation of Law No. 14,026/2020, known as the new sanitation framework. Based on bibliographic and documentary analysis, this paper aims to identify the main implications of the new framework and its impacts on the provision of sanitation services in rural areas. Although the law does not detail how the action will take place in this area, it opens up the possibility of contracting private companies, a situation that may result in numerous losses to rural areas, such as prioritization of large urban centers, implementation of alternative low-quality technologies, and increased costs for a population living in precarious economic situations. It is considered, in conclusion, that this context confers significant meaning to the creation of specific programs and legislation aimed at meeting the needs of the rural population. Furthermore, sanitation is a contextual problem that transcends legal rights, and it is not possible to solve it solely through normative changes. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate resources, train managers, and monitor normative implementations, aiming to evolve and reduce the impact on this population.